Essay on Autism And Savant Syndrome - 1994 Words

Autism And Savant Syndrome A little boy quietly sits in front of a piano, with his fingers poised over the bright white keys. His teacher, seated beside him on the bench, plays a complicated series of chords, filling the air with a beautiful melody. After a single hearing, the boy begins to play, perfectly reproducing the song he has just heard. As the last notes fade away, the boy sits still for a moment and then begins to rock gently back and forth, only stopping once the music begins again.... A genius. A prodigy. One might label this child as such after witnessing this type of performance, were it not for the little nuances of the situation: the rocking, the cold, unemotional expression on the boys face, and his lack of†¦show more content†¦These developmental delays are classified as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Autism is considered to be the most significant of these PDDs. It is a neurological disorder in which affected individuals have impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and unusual or severely limited activities and interests (2). Often, autistic people have specific routines from which they refuse to deviate, as well as restricted patterns or interests that are considered to be abnormal in their intensity and focus. These habits, like autism itself, vary over a wide range, and may include hair twirling and rocking in mild cases to self-injurious behavior such as head-banging in more severe cases. Autisti c individuals have difficulty making friends and sustaining conversations, often fail to respond to stimuli, including their own names, and usually are retarded in their language development. For these reasons, they are often considered to be aloof and unemotional (2). Their intelligence quotients average at approximately 50, as compared to the average of 100. The occurrence of these [autistic savants] comets of genius across the sky of mans mental universe has been noted for centuries, but were simply noted by the French as idiot savants, or wise fools (10). Its etiology can be either congenital or the result of disease or injuryShow MoreRelatedThe Autism Spectrum Disorder And Savant Syndrome2313 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder affects many Americans and until the last 20 years was widely unknown. This disorder is characterized by a deficit in social communication and interaction (Mitchell, 2012). Autism spectrum disorder is also characterized in DSM-V by difficulties following the rules of conversation and understanding things that are not explicitly stated. The purpose of this paper is to see how savant syndrome is related to autism spectrum disorder in cognitive functioning. Savant syndromeRead More Autistic Savant Syndrome in the Film Rain Man Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesAutistic Disorder: Savant syndrome The Hollywood film Rain Man is about the Autistic disorder Savant syndrome. In Rain Man, Raymond Babbitt (played by Dustin Hoffman) has Savant Syndrome and his brother Charlie Babbitt (played by Tom Cruise) finds out about Raymond being his brother and that he is good with numbers so Charlie decides to use his brother to make money. Over the course of the time that Charlie and Raymond are together, they become closer and Charlie is not just using RaymondRead MoreMy Observation At A Daycare Center914 Words   |  4 Pagesis interested in knowing more about autism. she explained her knowledge of autism is limited and that she would like to know why autistic children, have an excellent performance in areas such as, music, art, math and perform poorly in other areas such as, following simple instructions. Background information Autism Spectrum disorder is group of developmental disorders including autism, Asperger syndrome and childhood disintegrative (Who, 2013). The word Autism originated from the Greek languageRead MoreIdiot Savant : Blessing Or Curse?1504 Words   |  7 PagesIdiot Savant: blessing or curse? By: Amunhotep Stubbs Advanced Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4, 2015 Abstract According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, idiot savant is a rare condition where a person who is considered to be mentally disable, displays brilliance in a specific area. Idiot savant was first coined and discovered by Dr. J. Langdon Down in 1887. Dr. Down is best known for his description of the disorder called Down syndrome. In French, idiot savant means learnedRead More Savant Syndrome Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesSavant Syndrome is an extremely rare condition in which a person with a severe mental handicap has extraordinary abilities in a certain area, such as memorization, mathematics, or the playing of instruments. The first known case of savant syndrome was documented in a German scientific journal, Gnothi Sauton, in 1783. This article described the case of a man named Jedediah Buxton, who was talented in memorization and mathematics (Treffert 2009). Ever since this first account of Savant SyndromeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Rainman By Barry Levinson825 Words   |  4 PagesLos Angeles, as ransom for his father’s inheritance. Rainman was a revolutionary movie that introduced much of the general public to autism, and savant syndrome, revealing what it is like to have autism and problems that those who have it face. One of Rainman’s main protagonist, Raymond is based off of the real life Kim Peek, who similarly to Raymond was a savant, that had impressive memory capabilities. Kim was able to read two pages of a book at the same time in roughly 10 seconds and completelyRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Its Effects On Society2437 Words   |  10 PagesAutism spectrum disorder still after decades is surrounded by misinformation despite the progression of scientific studies on the subject. Mitchell and Locke created an online survey to better evaluate the information surrounding autism spectrum disorder. Several questions were asked such as where they get information about autism spectrum disorder, where to get help, when it can be diagnosed, etc. It was found that most people get their information about autism spectrum disorder from the media orRead MoreSally Dibbs, Dibbs Sally. 461-0192 .(Rain Man). This quote shows the remarable1300 Words   |  6 Pages talent of a savant being able to remember a person from reading the phone book the night before .. This happens in literature as well as in life for those who live with savant syndrome. Forrest Gump, Raymond Babbit, and real-life savant Kim Peek all deal with the fact they are not the same as everyone else. Though dealt certain mental deficiencies, savants, whether fictional or real, all excel in there own ways. Savants are people who despite serious mental or physicalRead MoreRainman PPTX Final627 Words   |  3 Pagesmany items at the same time. Functional Assessments of Raymond †¢ Health Perception/Health Management – – – – Cannot express much emotion Cannot make direct eye contact Cannot make any decisions for himself Cannot understand his own mental illness (Autism) †¢ Nutrition/Metabolic – Has a set routine where he cannot have dinner past 4pm. – Has set days for different types of foods – Can only eat the â€Å"menu item of the day† for dinner †¢ Pattern of Elimination – Does not have any issues in this areaRead MoreA Comparison Of One Show Two Countries1602 Words   |  7 Pagesabout a doctor with savant syndrome, a rare condition where people with autism experience genius level abilities in one area, who wants to practice medicine and help people, but must get over several obstacles because other people think he cannot be a doctor due to his autism. The American remake of Good Doctor, while it appears similar to the Korean original, takes on many different things like conflict, the main characters’ past, the relationships between characters, and how autism is presented.

The United Nations An International Organization

The United Nations is an international governmental organization established to promote international co-operation and is considered a vital force for peace and human development. It thrives to bring together governments and humanitarian agencies, and share responsibilities among them to efficiently tackle humanitarian disasters (OsmaÅ„czyk 2004). People consider UN to be highly credible and unbiased in their approach in tackling issues. UN has also maintained high levels of ethical and moral values from its inception. All this reputation of UN would be severely hit, if it tries to suppress the critics of the governments and attempts to conceal the truth. But on the other hand, the UN is made up of all these governments. Hurting them could lead the governments to destabilize the UN and undermine the power of UN. I am going to consider the Utilitarian framework to evaluate if I need to suppress the posts critical of the governments and ensure UN continues to perform its good work with its powers intact, or reveal the truth that could destabilizes the UN. The reason behind choosing the Utilitarian framework is that, it carefully weighs the cost and benefit of an action and helps determine the choice, which is for a greater good (Ess 2009). Also, the framework aligns with UN’s motive of taking decisions which offers greater good for the people. First, I am going to weigh the consequences of publishing news feeds criticizing the governments. Generally during humanitarianShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations : An International Organization1286 Words   |  6 PagesHalebic The United Nations, World Government, Usless Discussion Club or Something Else? Even though, the original thought for the United Nations was to be a guarantee for the World’s peace, their role in today’s world seems to have changed. It is hard to believe that their founders had today’s United Nations on mind when discussed their creation sixty years ago. â€Å"The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, internationalRead MoreInternational Organizations And The United Nations1462 Words   |  6 PagesInternational organizations create agreements by considering all member states and giving each member state a voice. Constitutional order has three main parts: it has to be binding, it has to be a shared agreement, and there are constrains on every member. Contemporary international organizations reflect a constitutional order because the agreements they make are mutual and followed by all members. The United Nations is a global organization that works to help governments solve problems by findingRead MoreThe United Nations : An International Organization1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthousand years. The United Nations is an international organization to help the globe to eventually obtain a security council to further the assistance and to help states in hard times as well as individuals whose rights have been violated. Not only this but the United Nations has several structures that benefits states, but throughout the years the United Nations has done much to none for the future of the United Nations and thus its future is at stake. Therefore, the United Nations was created to maintainRead MoreThe United Nations Is An International Organization1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe United Nations is an international organization whose main objective is to preserve world peace by resolving conflict through diplomacy. President Franklin Roosevelt is credited with writing the first draft of the â€Å"Declaration of the United Nations†, which was published shortly after the attacks on Pearl Harbor of 1941. At the time of release, the allies saw it as a document to solidify the American and European association against the axis powers. Later, â€Å"Declaration of the United Nations†Read MoreUnited Nations : An International Organization1858 Words   |  8 PagesUNITED NATIONS DESCRIPTION: The United Nations is an international organization established to promote intercontinental support. Therefore, the main role of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to promote respect for human rights and to coordinate aid in disaster situations and to provide help on global issues such as drug trafficking and the environment. STRUCTURE: The UN today has 192 Member States who express their opinionsRead MoreThe United Nations : An International Organization1597 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.It has 193 Member States so far. The United Nations’ mission is contained in its founding Charter. Every member states of the united nations is a member of the General Assembly. Stats are admitted to membership in the UN by a decision of the General Assembly based on the recommendation of the Security Council. The General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the InternationalRead MoreInternational Organizations And The Humanitarian Efforts Of The United Nations2063 Words   |  9 Pages International organizations have continually been praised for their contributions in less developing countries. One of the main assumptions about international organizations is that they have a large influence on developments and advancements made within developing countries. International organizations do in fact have a large impact on the developing world, but it is hard to pinpoint how much they have contributed and continue to contribute in the field of development globally. This paper willRead MoreThe United Nations : International Organization That Would Maintain Peace And Security2054 Words   |  9 PagesMcKayla Monthei Section A06 Jasmine Brooks November 4, 2014 The United Nations During 1945, after the Second World War, 51 countries committed to maintaining an international organization that would maintain peace and security. This organization became known as the United Nations. The United Nations’ work reaches every corner of the world to help achieve better living standards and human rights (â€Å"UN at a Glance†). Although the United Nations has not fully completed their work, they have made some improvementsRead MoreThe United Nations Is An International Organization Created After World War II1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe United Nations is an international organization created after World War II. The United Nations was created with the purpose of preventing another world war; the Allies created the organization after defeating the Axis powers: Germany, Japan and Italy. The U.N established a Security Council that consisted of the war’s winners, including the United States, Great Britain, France, China and Russia. Since the war, ther e has not been a major conflict between the world powers. In addition, the qualityRead MoreThe United Nations Stabilization Mission Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"United Nations† was, according to the UN’s official website, coined by United States president Franklin Roosevelt in the context of the fact that the nations were united against the Axis forces in World War Two. In 1945, the United Nations officially started with fifty-one states as its members. Since then, the United Nations has grown greatly to nearly 200 state members. The United Nations has several specific purposes that it tries to fulfill. First, its primary goal is to maintain

The Impact of Surgery Delay and Cancellation of Elective Surgeries

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Surgery Delay and Cancellation of Elective Surgeries. Answer: Background and significance Adverse consequences have been identified with preoperative treatment delays including prolonged wait times and rescheduling of surgeries (McIntosh, Cookson, Jones, 2012). In the year 2007, hospitals in the United Kingdom were reimbursed 70 million for last minute postpone and cancellation of scheduled operations (McCook, 2015). These incidents have a major impact on the patient flow and resource utilization. Unexpected delay at the time of operation leads to frustration among patients and their families (Caesar, Karlsson, Olsson, Samuelsson Hansson-Olofsson, 2014). Delay results in prolonged waiting time and extended hospital stay. It increases more pain and deterioration of the patients clinical condition which may consequently impair the recovery process. Delay or rescheduling surgeries affects the chain of events that the patient has preplanned or has been planning (Hovlid et.al, 2012). Extended hospital stays due to delay in operations lead to unnecessary occupancy of the hospi tal beds. The staff and the health care professionals also undergo significant stress due to decrease in morale, and difficulty in handling stressed patients (Cihoda et al., 2015). There are multiple clinical systems involved in the process of surgery such as day surgery unit, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Operating room and associated scheduling time, Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Any change in the schedule if not informed to any of these systems increases the uncertainty of the patient's waiting time. It is distressing to the corresponding staff being unable to prioritize the patient needs. Delay in ICU may extend the process in PACU. These have a psychological effect on the patient satisfaction (Magnusson, Fellander-Tsai, Hansson Ryd, 2011). In conclusion, the cancellation and rescheduling of surgeries significantly impact the patients health, hospital resources, a cost of the health care and quality of the care services. However, it is difficult to devise a solution without understanding the cause of delay or rescheduling of the surgeries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the unanticipated delays and cancellation of the elective surgeries in the hospitals and to identify evidence-based interventions to address this issue. Search strategy A search was conducted to identify relevant articles and four databases were used which are PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, and Cochrane. Only full-text and peer reviewed articles on human research were used in this study. For this research, a total of 213 articles were summarized, and after screening the title, 103 articles were selected for abstract review. Some of these articles were eliminated from review due to duplication in databases and irrelevancy found after screening full text. Therefore, 20 articles were included after post-screening the reference list. Articles published within the last five years (2011-2016) and had systematic, or meta-analysis literature was considered for this study. The search terms used for identifying relevant articles are "preoperative delay", elective surgical procedure, bed occupancy, delayed discharge, operation schedule, surgery cancellation", "rescheduling of operation". There was no limitation on the type of elective surgery, patient's age, or classifying the patient as inpatient or outpatient. The articles that were not published in English and those published beyond the set range were excluded from the review. Literature synthesis and review In more than 10 studies 78.1% of cancellation was attributed to administrative and hospital factors which includes lack of theatre time, adequate theatre staff, inadequate resources, ineffective planning, and lack of ICU beds (Garcia et al., 2013). Six of the studies indicated that 25% cancellations were due to patients financial constraints, self-cancellations, patient absenteeism, deterioration of clinical condition and inadequate preoperative assessments (Gaucher et al., 2013). Two studies showed that 2.1 cases of cancellations were due to lack of anesthesia facility (Singhal et al., 2013). Five studies confirmed that most frequently cancelled surgeries are of general and orthopedic category due to high number of surgeries scheduled and patients related reasons respectively. One study explained that cancellation was due to lack of ICU beds. Two studies revealed patients no show on the scheduled day was the cause of the cancellation. One study showed that there was no financial impact on the productivity of the operating room due to number of cancelled cases and the duration of the cancellations. Six studies identified the adverse outcomes of cancellations including waste of resources, budget, burden of adjusting the cancelled cases. Administrative reasons were significant cause of the preoperative delays when compared to patient related causes. These reasons were mainly associated with higher number of cancellations in larger community hospitals and in rural areas. Only three studies evaluated the effectiveness of the preoperative telephone confirmation intervention. Ca ncellation incidence was significantly found to reduce by prior confirmation of attendance from the patients (Bathala et al., 2013). Synthesis of evidence The strength of the study constitutes significant patient input. There was a good focus on the negative impact of preoperative delays on the patient. There was sufficient data on the causes of surgical delays. Three studies highlighted the effectiveness of the preoperative assessment in reducing the cancellations. Majority of the articles were based on retrospective and nonrandomized design. There was also existence of inconsistent definitions of measurement of preoperative instruction adherence. Neither of the reviews conducted any evaluation of the existing interventions or strategies to prevent preoperative delays and instruction adherence in staff. There are several limitations in literature prohibiting the translation of the evidence into practice. Some of the researcher did not consider taking the surgical cancellations occurring due to seasonal illness or climatic factors such as snowy weather, which may be a barrier to patients transport to hospital. Most of the studies concerned taking nurses and managers data that categorized the delays or rescheduling under more than one category. Some of the studies did not indicate the reliability and validity of the data collected. Translation of evidence into practice Scheduling a surgery is a complicated process due to multiple systems involved taking into accounts the priorities for service, the variety of surgical specialties, emergency services, and postsurgical capacity. It is essential to address preoperative delays by interventions to organize each step of surgery to improve the patient outcomes and increase the work efficiency. These interventions will improve the utilization of hospital resources and reduce the healthcare costs. Literature evidence has shown a significant improvement in incidents of preoperative delays by the role played by the preadmission clinic in maintaining adherence to preoperative instructions. There is a need to establish a clear and consistent definition of the adherence to instructions of surgical schedule (Chalya et al., 2011). Applicability of various intervention method should be sought to improve adherence to preoperative instructions and surgical settings. Preoperative nurses play a positive role in educating the patients and their families about the system of organizing surgeries and required preparedness (Singhal et al., 2013). These nurses can detect any illness in the immediate preoperative period which will prevent cancellation. The other effective way to avoid cancellation is to standardize a pre-operative checklist. In this method, the surgical patient is called two days before the scheduled surgery to get confirmation, for surgical preparation, resolving patient querie s, and check escort availability (Pohlman et al., 2012). There is a need of recruiting professionals who are more tactful in prioritizing the blocking of surgical slots so that most needed postoperative patient is not delayed in accessing ICU beds (Bathala et al., 2013). Future research There is a need to increase the scope of the study to multi-site ones. Further research can be expanded to bigger geographical areas and including the diverse group of patients. Most of the studies were conducted in single site centers, and very few were found to be undertaken in Saudi Arabia. There were excellent qualitative studies that have obtained the perceptions of elicit patients regarding their experience of surgical delays. To strengthen the reliability and validity of the results triangulation method can be applied in the research. Summary This paper demonstrated that delay or cancellation in surgeries is a most common type of error in the operating rooms and the lessons from the analysis of this issue applies to all, the surgical disciplines. A vicious cycle is created by single delay and then additional subsequent delays associated with it. Surgical cancellations have a significant impact on the quality of the healthcare. Rescheduling and delayed surgeries are associated with the huge waste of hospital resources and increased health care cost due to cancellation rate. However, most cancellation cases are preventable. Evidence showed that most cancellation and delayed surgeries are due to lack of theater time in most cases, self-cancellation and no show of surgical patient at the time of operation, lack of anesthesia services, lack of sufficient staff, and equipment failures. The effective way to reduce surgical cancellation and delays is to take sufficient time for planning and reviewing an operation schedule. A coll aborative effort is required at multiple levels to address the surgical system such as Porter systems, imaging departments, and patient registration processes. These findings are the useful way to devise a solution to improve the performance efficiency in the surgical room. References Bathala, S., Tardolli, A., Jaramillo, M., Morgan, N., Thomas, M. (2013). Cancellations in elective ENT surgery.British Journal of Healthcare Management,19(3), 136-139. Caesar, U., Karlsson, J., Olsson, L. E., Samuelsson, K., Hansson-Olofsson, E. (2014). Incidence and root causes of cancellations for elective orthopaedic procedures: a single center experience of 17,625 consecutive cases.Patient safety in surgery,8(1), 1. Chalya, P. L., Gilyoma, J. M., Mabula, J. B., Simbila, S., Ngayomela, I. H., Chandika, A. B., Mahalu, W. (2011). Incidence, causes and pattern of cancellation of Elective surgical operations in a University Teaching Hospital in the Lake Zone, Tanzania.African health sciences,11(3). Cihoda, J. H., Alves, J. R., Fernandes, L. A., de Souza, N., Pereira, E. (2015). The analysis for the causes of surgical cancellations in a Brazilian university hospital.Care Management Journals,16(1), 41-47. Garcia De Avila, M, Mangini Bocchi, S. (2013). 'Telephone confirmation of patient's intent to be present for elective surgery as a strategy to reduce absenteeism. Scielo,47(1), 189-193. Gaucher, S., Boutron, I., Marchand-Maillet, F., Baron, G., Douard, R., Bthoux, J. (2016) . Assessment of a Standardized Pre-Operative Telephone Checklist Designed to Avoid Late. Cancellation of Ambulatory Surgery: The AMBUPROG Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE, 11(2), e0147194. Hovlid, E., Bukve, O., Haug, K., Aslaksen, A. B., von Plessen, C. (2012). A new pathway for elective surgery to reduce cancellation rates.BMC health services research,12(1), 1.